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Charles A. Walton and RFID
January 2, 2012
Happy New Year
from Tikalon!
There's an old
proverb, "Another day, another dollar."
Since we're mathematically inclined, that means that the new year will bring us 366 dollars (Yes, 2012 is a leap year).
At the start of a new year, we often look back on significant events of the past year. In previous articles, I've noted the passing in 2011 of the following technology notables:
Ken Olsen (February 20, 1926 - February 6, 2011)
Harry Coover (March 6, 1917 - March 26, 2011)
William Lipscomb (December 9, 1919 - April 14, 2011)
Willard Boyle (August 19, 1924 - May 7, 2011)
Maurice Goldhaber (April 18, 1911 - May 11, 2011)
Hubert Schlafly (August 14, 1919 - April 20, 2011)
Robert A. Helliwell (September 2, 1920 - May 3, 2011)
Bob Pease (August 22, 1940 - June 18, 2011)
Thomas Peter Brody (April 18, 1920 – September 18, 2011)
Wilson Greatbatch (September 6, 1919 - September 27, 2011)
Lee Davenport (December 31, 1915 - September 30, 2011)
Dennis Ritchie (September 9, 1941 - October 12, 2011)
Herbert A. Hauptman (February 14, 1917 - October 23, 2011)
John McCarthy (September 4, 1927 - October 24, 2011)
Lynn Margulis (March 5, 1938 - November 22, 2011)
I didn't write about Steve Jobs, since articles about him have become a publishing industry in themselves, and my contribution would have been diluted many times over by more authoritative sources. I will admit that I bought my children a
Franklin computer at one of their going-out-of-the-apple-clone-computer-business sales at a
Trenton Computer Festival. I wasn't going to pay
Apple prices for an
Apple II computer.
At one time there were many articles written about the
"hidden" computers in your house. Nowadays, people expect everything from
toasters to
telephones to be computerized, so those articles aren't written anymore. Possibly the largest number of
computer chips in a house are represented by one type of device, the
radio frequency identification tag, commonly called an RFID. The inventor of RFID,
Charles A. Walton, died on November 6, 2011, at age 89.[1-4]
Walton was born on December 11, 1921, in
Spondon, England, and he spent his youth in
Maryland and
New York.[4] He was awarded a
BS degree in
electrical engineering from
Cornell University in 1943, and
MS degrees in electrical engineering and economics of engineering from the
Stevens Institute of Technology in 1950.[5] Walton served in the
US Army Signal Corps during
World War II, and he became a
citizen of the United States in 1944.[4] Walton was an
amateur radio operator, an
avocation that likely helped in his development of RFID technology.[3]
Walton joined
IBM's research and development laboratories in 1960, where he worked for a decade on
control systems and
disc drives.[5] IBM eventually transferred him to
Los Gatos, California, and he left IBM in 1970 to start Proximity Devices, a company that was based on his ideas for radio frequency identification devices. Walton patented many radio frequency identification circuits, and one of these patents was the first to use the
acronym, RFID. [4]
The idea of an RFID tag, a device that transmits identification information wirelessly to interrogation circuitry while simultaneously obtaining power from its
radio frequency field, did not originate with Walton. The first such tags were made in 1969 by Mario W. Cardullo and Bill Parks of the Communications Satellite Corporation.[5-6] The Cardullo and Parks device was powered by the interrogation signal, and this technique is used by all inexpensive RFID tags, including the one disclosed in one of Walton's later patents, as shown in the figure.[7]
Figure 4 of US Patent No. 4,580,041, "Electronic proximity identification system with simplified low power identifier," by Charles A. Walton, April 1, 1986.
This circuit derives power from the RF field and provides a phase-modulated response signal.
(Google Patents).[7)]
Barcodes were a less expensive technology when Walton introduced his RFID tags. At that time, Walton's RFID tags cost about $1.75,[3] but Walton must have realized that the
incessant decline in the cost of electronics would cause a
tipping point in
cost-benefit between barcodes and RFID.
Walton's first RFID patent was for a wireless key system licensed to
Schlage, which launched a product in the early 1970s. Many of today's
keycard systems use this same technology, which Walton extended in other patents through 2004.[5]
One of the best summaries of RFID technology can be found in one of Walton's early patents.[8]
"It is an objective of the present invention to provide an electronic identification and recognition system adapted to identify an object having an electrical passive circuit and to indicate the identification of said object by digital electrical signals.
It is an objective of the present invention to provide a system which does not require mechanical engagement of the object to be identified with the detector and does not require optical or television systems.
It is an objective of the present invention to provide a system which is economical and capable of identifying objects rapidly.
It is a further objective of the present invention to provide a system adapted to identify or to recognize matching of a remote coded object with a sensor designed to react positively to said objects having a pre-specified code and negatively to objects having other than said pre-specified code."
Walton's
royalty income from his patents ceased in the mid-1990s.[3] Today, many large organizations, such as
Walmart and the
US Department of Defense, have adopted RFID,[5] and the worldwide RFID market was
forecast to have been about $6 billion in 2011.[3]
An inexpensive RFID tag.
The loop antenna, with its crossover and tuned capacitance sections, take the majority of the surface area.
(Via Wikimedia Commons))
References:
- Robert McMillan, "11 Who Died in 2011 (And Were Not Named Steve)," Wired, December 29, 2011.
- Charles Walton (inventor) on Wikipedia
- Dean Takahashi, "Charlie Walton, inventor of RFID, passes away at 89," Venture Beat, November 27, 2011.
- Charles Alfred Dodgson Walton, Obituary on Legacy.com.
- H. Mitchell, "Charles Walton," Inventor of the Week, Lemelson-MIT Program Web Site.
- Mario W. Cardullo and William L. Parks, "Transponder Apparatus And System," US Patent No. 3,713,148, January 23, 1973
- Charles A. Walton, "Electronic proximity identification system with simplified low power identifier," US Patent No. 4,580,041, April 1, 1986.
- Charles A. Walton, "Electronic Identification And Recognition System," US Patent No. 3,816,709, June 11, 1974.
Permanent Link to this article
Linked Keywords: Proverb; Another day, another dollar; mathematics; 2012; leap year; technology; Ken Olsen; Harry Coover; William Lipscomb; Willard Boyle; Maurice Goldhaber; Hubert Schlafly; Robert A. Helliwell; Bob Pease; Thomas Peter Brody; Wilson Greatbatch; Lee Davenport; Dennis Ritchie; Herbert A. Hauptman; John McCarthy; Lynn Margulis; Steve Jobs; Franklin computer; Trenton Computer Festival; Apple; Apple II computer; embedded system; toaster; telephone; integrated circuit; radio frequency identification tag; RFID; Charles A. Walton; Spondon, England; Maryland; New York; BS degree; electrical engineering; Cornell University; MS degree; Stevens Institute of Technology; US Army Signal Corps; World War II; Naturalized_citizenship of the United States; amateur radio operator; avocation; IBM; research and development; control system; disc drive; Los Gatos, California; acronym; radio frequency field; Google Patents; Barcode; Moore's law; tipping point; benefit-cost ratio; cost-benefit; Schlage; keycard system; royalty income; Walmart; US Department of Defense; forecast; Wikimedia Commons.